Both professions live inside the 1C ecosystem, often work in the same team and regularly get mixed up in job postings. The difference is fundamental: the analyst answers "what we do and why", the developer answers "how to write it".
Areas of responsibility
The 1C analyst communicates with the customer, describes business processes, prepares specifications, configures standard mechanisms, tests and accepts customizations. The 1C developer writes code in the built-in language, designs data structures, optimizes queries and integrations.
Which is easier to learn from scratch
Analysts more often come from the domain side — accountants, HR specialists, economists: their competitive advantage is knowledge of accounting. The road into development is shorter for those who already have programming experience in any language.
Money and prospects
At the start the salary ranges are comparable; at the senior level developers usually earn somewhat more, while analysts have a wider path into leadership roles — implementation project manager, product owner for internal systems, solution architect.
How to choose
If you enjoy understanding processes and negotiating with people — your path is analysis. If you like writing code and seeing it work — go into development. In both cases, start with a basic platform course: it is the same for both professions.